Syllabus Designing - Review of Literature - 5836 Words

REVIEW OF LITERATURE An essential step in any research project is the literature review. The function of the literature review is to provide background information on the research question, and to identify what others have said and/or discovered about the question. It may well be that in the course of carrying out the literature review, you come across a study which answers the very question you are proposing to investigate. The literature review, if carried out systematically, will acquaint the researcher with previous work in the field, and it should also alert you to problems and potential pitfalls in the chosen area. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is often underestimated because of teachers attitudes which are often†¦show more content†¦Moreover, Robinson (1991) argues that the language produced as a feature of ESP should be good enough for the job and not be necessarily native-speaker like, but be the communicative strategies and effectiveness of the non-native professional users of English. History of ESP According to Johns’ (1991) discussion, the ESP history in brief with respect to its development and expansion throughout the world has been influenced by the major theoretical and applied schools of linguistics and developed into four phases. The first phase (the 1960s and the early 1970s) was the structure-based phase of linguistic (i.e. lexical and grammatical) features of academic and professional registers, for example, the language of electrical engineering and the language of law (e.g. Herbert, 1965). The second phase (the late 1970s and the early 1980s) was the discourse-based phase of register analysis where the function and purpose in discourse became more rhetorical (e.g. Trimble, 1985). The third phase (the integration of the discoveries in phase 1 and phase 2) was communication-based phase of systematic analyses of the target learning situations which concentrate on Munbyian concepts of ‘notional-functional curriculum’ (Munby, 1996), namely: (a) the communicative purposes of speaker/writer; (b) the setting for language use; and (c)Show MoreRelatedThe Ict And Its Impact On Education1386 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove their efforts. With a lot of ICT knowledge and skills, what changes can we say that this program is bringing to our upcoming generation? Several field like engineering, medicine, finances and social science needs a lot of ICT skills. Does this syllabus real brings change? What are the factor hindering big results? If we have big results, how can we improve it? What are the indicators for ICT development in Tanzania. Which programming language is more suitable to prepare our kids to be good programmersRead MoreA Methodology For Conducting Design Science1283 Words   |  6 PagesGroup 2, I put all of our answers together without modifying anything. Please review and correct or suggest changes. 1. What is the purpose of this article? What is your evidence for suggesting this is the purpose? If it is not overtly stated, then what do you think the author’s purpose was? The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for conducting design science (DS) research in information systems (IS). The purpose is clearly stated in the abstract session of the paper and in definingRead MoreLGMT 636 Online Syllabus 0311 1 2607 Words   |  11 PagesTransportation Management LGMT 636 Online Course Syllabus Credit Hours: 3 Delivery Method Online (Internet / Blackboard) Required Course Materials Coyle, J. J., Bardi, E. J., Gibson, B., Novak, R. A. (2011). Transportation (7th ed.). Mason, Ohio: Cengage. ISBN: 9780324789195 Supplementary Materials Articles listed on the Critical Article Review list at the end of the syllabus, which are available through the Hunt Library on-line databases. Course Description Transportation plays a key role inRead MoreCaribbean Studies Syllabus5959 Words   |  24 Pagesenquiry ii. Generation of new knowledge iii. Reliability and validity in research iv. Problem solving 2. The research problem Identification of a research problem 3. Sources of Information h. Identifying and accessing sources: a. Existing literature; b. Internet Resources; c. Oral histories; d. Newspaper reports; e. Minutes of meetings; f. Archive i. Criteria for selection and use: a. Relevance; b. Degree of objectivity; c. Adequacy 4. Characteristics of research objectivesRead MoreThe Evaluation of the Course Book â€Å"English in Mind†3260 Words   |  14 PagesThe Evaluation of the Course Book â€Å"English in Mind† MA TESOL Yixuan JIANG Table of Contents â…  . Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 â… ¡. Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 â… °. The factors of English teaching materials evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..3 â… ±. The analysis of materials-evaluation content. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦3 â… ². The cultural values of evaluating the English language teaching materials†¦......4 â… ³. The designed intention of teaching materials..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..5 â… ´. TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Task Types On Performance Of Iranian Efl Learners Fluency2179 Words   |  9 PagesTeaching (TBT) has received a lot of attention in the recent years and language teachers believe that it is a very important and popular part of learning and teaching process. According to Pourdana (2011), in task-based language teaching, teachers’ syllabus content and instructional processes is based on the communicative tasks that language learners need to be involved in them in a real situation. EFL teachers use different tasks for teaching reading, writing listening and speaking. Productive skillsRead MoreFactors Affecting The Need For Industry Institute Interaction1868 Words   |  8 PagesTo suggest the remedial measures to reduce the skill gap in india. Research Methodology: The study is an exploratory research. The research is based purely on secondary data collected from reports published by various research institutes. Literature Review: The industry in order to get the work done in effective manner started to give training to the employees in the initial days. But that was difficult and expensive for all the companies. In this regard the professional courses have started toRead MoreRecycling At The United Kingdom2262 Words   |  10 PagesRecycling is a process that continues to develop and become more popular within waste management. As there is a wide amount of literature relating to this topic the following review will focus in on aspects such as recycling behaviours and recycling in the curriculum. Recycling in the United Kingdom Recycling is the method by which waste is collected and processed into raw materials, which in turn are processed into new products (Prestin and Pearce, 2010). This helps the UK comply with the EC LandfillRead MoreCommunicative Language Teaching15330 Words   |  62 Pagesteaching practice around the world. Many of the issues raised by a communicative teaching methodology are still relevant today, though teachers who are relatively new to the profession may not be familiar with them. This booklet therefore serves to review what we have learned from CLT and what its relevance is today. Communicative Language Teaching Today 1 1 What Is Communicative Language Teaching? Perhaps the majority of language teachers today, when asked to identify the methodology they employRead MoreDelta: Management and Candidates4824 Words   |  20 Pagesthe area. Candidates should show how their proposal reflects the findings of the situation analysis and should consider how they would subsequently implement the proposed change bearing in mind the principles of change management. The full syllabus can be downloaded at http://www.cambridgeesol.org/exams/teac hing-awards/delta-modular.html The project will be reported in the form of an Extended Assignment (4,000-4,500 words, excluding appendices) and includes 5 parts: Module Three